In the US, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have recently issued (2018) the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule that sets tough fuel economy and carbon dioxide standards. New fuel economy standards for automobiles, changes in customer preferences driven by high fuel prices, and vehicle and carbon taxation have put increased pressure on car manufacturers. The importance of in-design “pairing” of low-viscosity motor oils with the engine characteristics is highlighted filling the gap in the understanding of complex interactions between the crankcase lubricant and engine mechanics. The role of lubricant on the engine tribology is studied for different engine designs. This presentation provides an overview of different industrial trends related thereto. Each engine component comes with a unique landscape of competing manufacturing technologies, among which advanced surface finishing and coating methods play an important role. Increased power density and torque output of modern boosted engines, in combination with the introduction of automatic stop-start systems and ultralow viscosity lubricants tends to stress the engine beyond the limits foreseen in the classical design. Downsizing and boosting have become common practice in the internal combustion engine (ICE) design. Apart from powertrain electrification, automotive manufacturers have constantly been seeking to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Improving fuel economy and reducing emissions is nowadays more important than ever.
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